您需要某种格式来列表键。Go标准库支持的一种格式可以在这里找到：http://golang.org/pkg/crypto/x509/#MarshalPKCS1PrivateKey

func MarshalPKCS1PrivateKey(key *rsa.PrivateKey) []byte

反函数http://golang.org/pkg/crypto/x509/#ParsePKCS1PrivateKey.

func ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(der []byte) (key *rsa.PrivateKey, err error)

但是，将封送的密钥编码到PEM文件中是相对标准的。

pemdata := pem.EncodeToMemory(
    &pem.Block{
        Type: "RSA PRIVATE KEY",
        Bytes: x509.MarshalPKCS1PrivateKey(key),
    },
)

你可以在这里找到一个完整的例子。

这是显示公钥和私钥导入和导出的代码片段。它基于其他非常有用的答案，以及官方文档中的复制面食。

package main

import (
    "crypto/rand"
    "crypto/rsa"
    "crypto/x509"
    "encoding/pem"
    "errors"
    "fmt"
)

func GenerateRsaKeyPair() (*rsa.PrivateKey, *rsa.PublicKey) {
    privkey, _ := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 4096)
    return privkey, &privkey.PublicKey
}

func ExportRsaPrivateKeyAsPemStr(privkey *rsa.PrivateKey) string {
    privkey_bytes := x509.MarshalPKCS1PrivateKey(privkey)
    privkey_pem := pem.EncodeToMemory(
            &pem.Block{
                    Type:  "RSA PRIVATE KEY",
                    Bytes: privkey_bytes,
            },
    )
    return string(privkey_pem)
}

func ParseRsaPrivateKeyFromPemStr(privPEM string) (*rsa.PrivateKey, error) {
    block, _ := pem.Decode([]byte(privPEM))
    if block == nil {
            return nil, errors.New("failed to parse PEM block containing the key")
    }

    priv, err := x509.ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(block.Bytes)
    if err != nil {
            return nil, err
    }

    return priv, nil
}

func ExportRsaPublicKeyAsPemStr(pubkey *rsa.PublicKey) (string, error) {
    pubkey_bytes, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(pubkey)
    if err != nil {
            return "", err
    }
    pubkey_pem := pem.EncodeToMemory(
            &pem.Block{
                    Type:  "RSA PUBLIC KEY",
                    Bytes: pubkey_bytes,
            },
    )

    return string(pubkey_pem), nil
}

func ParseRsaPublicKeyFromPemStr(pubPEM string) (*rsa.PublicKey, error) {
    block, _ := pem.Decode([]byte(pubPEM))
    if block == nil {
            return nil, errors.New("failed to parse PEM block containing the key")
    }

    pub, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(block.Bytes)
    if err != nil {
            return nil, err
    }

    switch pub := pub.(type) {
    case *rsa.PublicKey:
            return pub, nil
    default:
            break // fall through
    }
    return nil, errors.New("Key type is not RSA")
}

func main() {

    // Create the keys
    priv, pub := GenerateRsaKeyPair()

    // Export the keys to pem string
    priv_pem := ExportRsaPrivateKeyAsPemStr(priv)
    pub_pem, _ := ExportRsaPublicKeyAsPemStr(pub)

    // Import the keys from pem string
    priv_parsed, _ := ParseRsaPrivateKeyFromPemStr(priv_pem)
    pub_parsed, _ := ParseRsaPublicKeyFromPemStr(pub_pem)

    // Export the newly imported keys
    priv_parsed_pem := ExportRsaPrivateKeyAsPemStr(priv_parsed)
    pub_parsed_pem, _ := ExportRsaPublicKeyAsPemStr(pub_parsed)

    fmt.Println(priv_parsed_pem)
    fmt.Println(pub_parsed_pem)

    // Check that the exported/imported keys match the original keys
    if priv_pem != priv_parsed_pem || pub_pem != pub_parsed_pem {
            fmt.Println("Failure: Export and Import did not result in same Keys")
    } else {
            fmt.Println("Success")
    }
}

由于您的问题的公钥部分没有得到回答，我只是遇到了同样的问题并解决了它，所以它是：

注意<代码>

Priv := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 4096)

pubASN1, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(&Priv.PublicKey)
if err != nil {
    // do something about it
}

pubBytes := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
    Type:  "RSA PUBLIC KEY",
    Bytes: pubASN1,
})

ioutil.WriteFile("key.pub", pubBytes, 0644)

相关内容如下：

• MarshalPKIXPublicKey（发布接口{}) ([]字节，错误）godoc
• EncodeToMemory（b*Block）[]byte godoc
• 阻止godoc

PS：MarshalPKIXPublicKey也接受ECDSA密钥，只是适当的pem标头。