提问者:小点点

我在这个递归中错在哪里


先生,这些天我正在提高我的递归技能,但我被困在《破解编码技能》一书的递归问题中。问题编号8.2
问题陈述是——想象一个机器人坐在N*N网格的上角。机器人只能向两个方向移动:右和下。机器人有多少种可能的路径?

我尝试了很多,但它只向我显示了一条路径。我的代码是(从书的解决方案中获得帮助)

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>

using namespace std;

struct point {
    int x;
    int y;
};
vector<struct point *> v_point;

int findPath(int x, int y) {
    struct point *p = new point;
    p->x = x;
    p->y = y;
    v_point.push_back(p);
    if(x == 0 && y == 0) {
        cout << "\n\t" << x << "  " << y;
        return true;
    }
    int success = 0;
    if( x >= 1 ) {
        cout << "\n success = " << success << " x =  " << x << "  "  << " y = " << y;
        success = findPath(x-1, y);
        cout << "\n success = " << success << " x =  " << x << "  "  << " y = " << y;
    }
    if(!success && y >= 1) {
        cout << "\n\t success = " << success << " x =  " << x << "  "  << " y = " << y;
        success = findPath(x, y-1);
        cout << "\n\t success = " << success << " x =  " << x << "  "  << " y = " << y;
    }
    if(!success){
        cout << "\n\t\t success = " << success << " x =  " << x << "  "  << " y = " << y;
        v_point.pop_back();
        cout << "\n\t\t success = " << success << " x =  " << x << "  "  << " y = " << y;
    }
    return success;
}

main() {
    cout << endl << findPath(3, 3);
    return 0;
}

我把printf语句检查我错在哪里,但我没有发现错误。请帮助我。

我根据您的说明编写了代码。但是,如果我想打印所有路径,它会给出不希望的答案。

int findPath(int x, int y) {
    if(x == 0 && y == 0) { cout << endl; return 1; }
    int path = 0;
    if(x > 0) { cout << "d -> ";path = path + findPath(x-1, y);  } // d = down
    if(y > 0) { cout << "r ->  ";path = path + findPath(x, y-1);  } // r = right
    return path;
}

对于3*3的网格,它给出(findPaths(2,2)):-

d -> d ->r -> r ->
r -> d -> r ->
r -> d->
r -> d -> d -> r ->
r -> d ->
r -> d -> d ->

共1个答案

匿名用户

你的问题是,当x

正确的递归规则是:

  1. 如果x==0

请注意,您必须同时执行步骤2和3。您的代码仅执行2(这会成功并阻止执行步骤3)。

编辑

如果你需要输出路径本身,那么你需要在递归时累积路径,只有当你到达目的地时才打印出来。(你这样做的方式——在下降时打印每一步——是行不通的。考虑从(2,2)到(0,0)所有经过(1,1)的路径。从(2,2)到(1,1)的每个路径段都需要打印多次:从(1,1)到(0,0)的每个路径段打印一次。如果你在递归时打印,你不能这样做。)

一种方法是将路径编码为长度等于预期路径长度的数组(所有路径都将正好是x y步长),并在您移动方向的代码中填写它。这是一种方法:

static const int DOWN = 0;
static const int RIGHT 1;
int findPath(int x, int y, int *path, int len) {
    if (x == 0 && y == 0) {
        printPath(path, len);
        return 1;
    }
    int n = 0;
    if (x > 0) {
        path[len] = DOWN;
        n += findPath(x-1, y, path, len + 1);
    }
    if (y > 0) {
        path[len] = RIGHT;
        n += findPath(x, y-1, path, len + 1);
    }
    return n;
}

void printPath(int *path, int len) {
    if (len == 0) {
        cout << "empty path";
    } else {
        cout << (path[0] == DOWN ? " d" : " r");
        for (int i = 1; i < len; ++i) {
            cout << " -> " << (path[i] == DOWN ? " d" : " r";
        }
    }
    cout << endl;
}

您可以将其称为:

int *path = new int[x + y];
cout << "Number of paths: " << findPath(x, y, path, 0) << endl;
delete [] path;