我现在也有同样的问题。在模拟器中上传工作良好，但在设备上它给我权限错误。我的解决办法是将图像作为数据上传，而不是将URL上传到文件:

let imageData = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 1.0)
let uploadTask = storageReference.child(remoteFilePath).putData(imageData, metadata: metadata, completion: { (metadata, error) in
    // Your code here
}

在模拟器中上传工作良好，但在设备上它给我权限错误。将图像作为数据上载，而不是与URL一起上载到文件:

先申报

    fileprivate lazy var storageRef: StorageReference = Storage.storage().reference(forURL: "gs://yourAPP.appspot.com/")

然后

     let path : String = "\(String(describing: Auth.auth().currentUser?.uid))/\(Int(Date.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate * 1000))/\(photoReference)"

                // 6

                let imageData = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(photoReference, 0.1)
                let uploadTask = self.storageRef.child(path).putData(imageData!, metadata: nil, completion: { (metadata, error) in
                    // Your code here
                    if let error = error {
                        print("Error uploading photo: \(error.localizedDescription)")
                        return
                    }

                    // 7
                    self.setImageURL(self.storageRef.child((metadata?.path)!).description, forPhotoMessageWithKey: key)
                })

谢谢你和所有回答问题的人。。。我试过这个。。。下面的代码位于DidFinishPickingMediaWithInfo..中。我评论了当用户从照片库中选取图像时处理的代码，并且再次感谢您，所以我的代码是（下面）

func imagePickerController(picker: UIImagePickerController, didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo info: [String : AnyObject]) {
    picker.dismissViewControllerAnimated(true,completion:nil)
    let image = info[UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage] as! UIImage//<--

    let imageData = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 1.0)
    let imagePath = "photos/xxxyyyzzz.jpg"//whatever you want
    let metadata = FIRStorageMetadata()
    metadata.contentType = "image/jpeg"

    storageRef.child(imagePath).putData(imageData!,metadata:metadata){
                (metadata, error) in
                if let error = error{
                    print("Error uploading photo: \(error)")
                }
                else{
                    //if there is no error the compiler will come here
                    print("no error")
                    //and maybe you want to use the full url or download url after success
                    //for example you wanna have tha downloadURL...
                    let downloadURL = metadata!.downloadURL()
                    print("\(downloadURL)")
                    //do whatever you want...
                }
    }

}