symphy
库有一个很酷的ufuncify()
方法,它将符号表达式转换为C代码,对其进行编译,然后输出一个调用该C方法的lambda
函数。
我做了这个简单的演示,demo.py
:
import sympy
from sympy.utilities.autowrap import ufuncify
import sys
N = int(sys.argv[1])
theta = []
values = []
for n in range(N):
theta.append(sympy.symbols('x%s' % n))
values.append(n)
summation = sum(theta)
f = ufuncify(theta, summation)
print f(*values)[0]
它适用于小N
:
$ python demo.py 21 210.0
但是对于较大的N
,我得到以下错误:
$ python demo.py 22 Traceback (most recent call last): File "demo.py", line 13, in f = ufuncify(theta, summation) File "/opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/utilities/autowrap.py", line 485, in ufuncify return autowrap(C.Equality(y[i], f(*args)), **kwargs) File "/opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/utilities/autowrap.py", line 403, in autowrap return code_wrapper.wrap_code(routine, helpers=helps) File "/opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/utilities/autowrap.py", line 139, in wrap_code self._process_files(routine) File "/opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sympy/utilities/autowrap.py", line 158, in _process_files " ".join(command), e.output)) sympy.utilities.autowrap.CodeWrapError: Error while executing command: f2py -m wrapper_module_0 -c wrapped_code_0.f90. Command output is: running build running config_cc unifing config_cc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --compiler options running config_fc unifing config_fc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --fcompiler options running build_src build_src building extension "wrapper_module_0" sources f2py options: [] f2py:> /tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/wrapper_module_0module.c creating /tmp/tmpKbJQuO creating /tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7 Reading fortran codes... Reading file 'wrapped_code_0.f90' (format:free) Post-processing... Block: wrapper_module_0 Block: autofunc Post-processing (stage 2)... Building modules... Building module "wrapper_module_0"... Constructing wrapper function "autofunc"... y_15 = autofunc(x_16,x1,x10,x11,x12,x13,x14,x15,x16,x17,x18,x19,x2,x20,x21,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8,x9,[m_17]) Wrote C/API module "wrapper_module_0" to file "/tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/wrapper_module_0module.c" adding '/tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/fortranobject.c' to sources. adding '/tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7' to include_dirs. copying /opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/f2py/src/fortranobject.c -> /tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7 copying /opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/f2py/src/fortranobject.h -> /tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7 build_src: building npy-pkg config files running build_ext customize UnixCCompiler customize UnixCCompiler using build_ext customize Gnu95FCompiler Found executable /opt/user/x86_64/gcc-4.7.2/bin/gfortran customize Gnu95FCompiler customize Gnu95FCompiler using build_ext building 'wrapper_module_0' extension compiling C sources C compiler: gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC creating /tmp/tmpKbJQuO/tmp creating /tmp/tmpKbJQuO/tmp/tmpKbJQuO creating /tmp/tmpKbJQuO/tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7 compile options: '-I/tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7 -I/opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/include/python2.7 -c' gcc: /tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/wrapper_module_0module.c In file included from /opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarraytypes.h:1728:0, from /opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarrayobject.h:17, from /opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/arrayobject.h:15, from /tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/fortranobject.h:13, from /tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/wrapper_module_0module.c:18: /opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_deprecated_api.h:11:2: warning: #warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it by #defining NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION" [-Wcpp] /tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/wrapper_module_0module.c:111:12: warning: âpy_sizeâefined but not used [-Wunused-function] gcc: /tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/fortranobject.c In file included from /opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarraytypes.h:1728:0, from /opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarrayobject.h:17, from /opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/arrayobject.h:15, from /tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/fortranobject.h:13, from /tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/fortranobject.c:2: /opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_deprecated_api.h:11:2: warning: #warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it by #defining NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION" [-Wcpp] compiling Fortran sources Fortran f77 compiler: /opt/user/x86_64/gcc-4.7.2/bin/gfortran -Wall -ffixed-form -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops Fortran f90 compiler: /opt/user/x86_64/gcc-4.7.2/bin/gfortran -Wall -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops Fortran fix compiler: /opt/user/x86_64/gcc-4.7.2/bin/gfortran -Wall -ffixed-form -fno-second-underscore -Wall -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops compile options: '-I/tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7 -I/opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/include/python2.7 -c' gfortran:f90: wrapped_code_0.f90 wrapped_code_0.f90:1.133: 4, x15, x16, x17, x18, x19, x2, x20, x21, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9, y_15 1 Warning: Line truncated at (1) wrapped_code_0.f90:1.132: 14, x15, x16, x17, x18, x19, x2, x20, x21, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9, y_15 1 Error: Unexpected junk in formal argument list at (1) wrapped_code_0.f90:33.3: end subroutine 1 Error: Expecting END PROGRAM statement at (1) Error: Unexpected end of file in 'wrapped_code_0.f90' wrapped_code_0.f90:1.133: 4, x15, x16, x17, x18, x19, x2, x20, x21, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9, y_15 1 Warning: Line truncated at (1) wrapped_code_0.f90:1.132: 14, x15, x16, x17, x18, x19, x2, x20, x21, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9, y_15 1 Error: Unexpected junk in formal argument list at (1) wrapped_code_0.f90:33.3: end subroutine 1 Error: Expecting END PROGRAM statement at (1) Error: Unexpected end of file in 'wrapped_code_0.f90' error: Command "/opt/user/x86_64/gcc-4.7.2/bin/gfortran -Wall -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops -I/tmp/tmpKbJQuO/src.linux-x86_64-2.7 -I/opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/opt/user/x86_64/Python-2.7.3/include/python2.7 -c -c wrapped_code_0.f90 -o /tmp/tmpKbJQuO/wrapped_code_0.o" failed with exit status 1
我怎样才能让它工作?
我在Symphy邮件列表上发了帖子,得到了回复。这是一个已知的bug,已在其开发分支中修复。以下是修复方法:https://github.com/sympy/sympy/pull/7968
毫无疑问,您在Sympy中发现了一个错误,但是您可以通过向后端传递标志来解决它。根据http://docs.sympy.org/latest/modules/utilities/autowrap.html的留档,ufuncify
将关键字参数传递给autowrap。autowrap
的标志
关键字参数看起来很有希望。反过来,f2py(默认后端)具有允许您将标志转发到编译器的选项。
使用gfortran作为编译器,我会尝试以下方法:
f = ufuncify(theta, summation, flags='--f90flags="--ffree-line-length-none"')
(目前尚未测试。)
为清楚起见:--f90flags
是f2py的一个选项,可用于指定编译器的选项。--ffree line length none
标志将转发给编译器,并将指示gfortran永远不要截断源代码中的行。