def buildModel(dataset, method, parameters):
    """
    Build final model for predicting real testing data
    """
    features = dataset.columns[0:-1]

    if method == 'RNN':
        clf = performRNNlass(dataset[features], dataset['UpDown'])
        return clf

    elif method == 'RF':
        clf = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=1000, n_jobs=-1)

    elif method == 'KNN':
        clf = neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier()

    elif method == 'SVM':
        c = parameters[0]
        g =  parameters[1]
        clf = SVC(C=c, gamma=g)

    elif method == 'ADA':
        clf = AdaBoostClassifier()

    return clf.fit(dataset[features], dataset['UpDown']) 

def Train(data, modelcount, censhu, yanzhgdata):
    model = AdaBoostClassifier(DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=censhu),
                               algorithm="SAMME",
                               n_estimators=modelcount, learning_rate=0.8)

    model.fit(data[:, :-1], data[:, -1])
    # 给出训练数据的预测值
    train_out = model.predict(data[:, :-1])
    # 计算MSE
    train_mse = fmse(data[:, -1], train_out)[0]

    # 给出验证数据的预测值
    add_yan = model.predict(yanzhgdata[:, :-1])
    # 计算f1度量
    add_mse = fmse(yanzhgdata[:, -1], add_yan)[0]
    print(train_mse, add_mse)
    return train_mse, add_mse

# 最终确定组合的函数 

def recspre(estrs, predata, datadict, zhe):

    mo, ze = estrs.split('-')
    model = AdaBoostClassifier(DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=int(ze)),
                               algorithm="SAMME",
                               n_estimators=int(mo), learning_rate=0.8)

    model.fit(datadict[zhe]['train'][:, :-1], datadict[zhe]['train'][:, -1])

    # 预测
    yucede = model.predict(predata[:, :-1])
    # 计算混淆矩阵

    print(ConfuseMatrix(predata[:, -1], yucede))

    return fmse(predata[:, -1], yucede)

# 主函数 

def test_gridsearch():
    # Check that base trees can be grid-searched.
    # AdaBoost classification
    boost = AdaBoostClassifier(base_estimator=DecisionTreeClassifier())
    parameters = {'n_estimators': (1, 2),
                  'base_estimator__max_depth': (1, 2),
                  'algorithm': ('SAMME', 'SAMME.R')}
    clf = GridSearchCV(boost, parameters)
    clf.fit(iris.data, iris.target)

    # AdaBoost regression
    boost = AdaBoostRegressor(base_estimator=DecisionTreeRegressor(),
                              random_state=0)
    parameters = {'n_estimators': (1, 2),
                  'base_estimator__max_depth': (1, 2)}
    clf = GridSearchCV(boost, parameters)
    clf.fit(boston.data, boston.target) 

def test_importances():
    # Check variable importances.
    X, y = datasets.make_classification(n_samples=2000,
                                        n_features=10,
                                        n_informative=3,
                                        n_redundant=0,
                                        n_repeated=0,
                                        shuffle=False,
                                        random_state=1)

    for alg in ['SAMME', 'SAMME.R']:
        clf = AdaBoostClassifier(algorithm=alg)

        clf.fit(X, y)
        importances = clf.feature_importances_

        assert_equal(importances.shape[0], 10)
        assert_equal((importances[:3, np.newaxis] >= importances[3:]).all(),
                     True) 

def test_multidimensional_X():
    """
    Check that the AdaBoost estimators can work with n-dimensional
    data matrix
    """

    from sklearn.dummy import DummyClassifier, DummyRegressor

    rng = np.random.RandomState(0)

    X = rng.randn(50, 3, 3)
    yc = rng.choice([0, 1], 50)
    yr = rng.randn(50)

    boost = AdaBoostClassifier(DummyClassifier(strategy='most_frequent'))
    boost.fit(X, yc)
    boost.predict(X)
    boost.predict_proba(X)

    boost = AdaBoostRegressor(DummyRegressor())
    boost.fit(X, yr)
    boost.predict(X) 

def __init__(self, classifier=FaceClassifierModels.DEFAULT):
        self._clf = None
        if classifier == FaceClassifierModels.LINEAR_SVM:
            self._clf = SVC(C=1.0, kernel="linear", probability=True)
        elif classifier == FaceClassifierModels.NAIVE_BAYES:
            self._clf = GaussianNB()
        elif classifier == FaceClassifierModels.RBF_SVM:
            self._clf = SVC(C=1, kernel='rbf', probability=True, gamma=2)
        elif classifier == FaceClassifierModels.NEAREST_NEIGHBORS:
            self._clf = KNeighborsClassifier(1)
        elif classifier == FaceClassifierModels.DECISION_TREE:
            self._clf = DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=5)
        elif classifier == FaceClassifierModels.RANDOM_FOREST:
            self._clf = RandomForestClassifier(max_depth=5, n_estimators=10, max_features=1)
        elif classifier == FaceClassifierModels.NEURAL_NET:
            self._clf = MLPClassifier(alpha=1)
        elif classifier == FaceClassifierModels.ADABOOST:
            self._clf = AdaBoostClassifier()
        elif classifier == FaceClassifierModels.QDA:
            self._clf = QuadraticDiscriminantAnalysis()
        print("classifier={}".format(FaceClassifierModels(classifier))) 

def getModels():
    result = []
    result.append("LinearRegression")
    result.append("BayesianRidge")
    result.append("ARDRegression")
    result.append("ElasticNet")
    result.append("HuberRegressor")
    result.append("Lasso")
    result.append("LassoLars")
    result.append("Rigid")
    result.append("SGDRegressor")
    result.append("SVR")
    result.append("MLPClassifier")
    result.append("KNeighborsClassifier")
    result.append("SVC")
    result.append("GaussianProcessClassifier")
    result.append("DecisionTreeClassifier")
    result.append("RandomForestClassifier")
    result.append("AdaBoostClassifier")
    result.append("GaussianNB")
    result.append("LogisticRegression")
    result.append("QuadraticDiscriminantAnalysis")
    return result 

def main():
	# prepare data
	trainingSet=[]
	testSet=[]
	accuracy = 0.0
	split = 0.20
	loadDataset('../Dataset/med.data', split, trainingSet, testSet)
	print('Train set: ' + repr(len(trainingSet)))
	print('Test set: ' + repr(len(testSet)))
	trainData = np.array(trainingSet)[:,0:np.array(trainingSet).shape[1] - 1]
	columns = trainData.shape[1] 
	X = np.array(trainData)
	y = np.array(trainingSet)[:,columns]
	clf = AdaBoostClassifier()
	clf.fit(X, y)
	testData = np.array(testSet)[:,0:np.array(trainingSet).shape[1] - 1]
	X_test = np.array(testData)
	y_test = np.array(testSet)[:,columns]
	accuracy = clf.score(X_test,y_test)
	accuracy *= 100
	print("Accuracy %:",accuracy) 

def learn(x, y, test_x):
    # set sample weight
    weight_list = []
    for j in range(len(y)):
        if y[j] == "0":
            weight_list.append(variables.weight_0_ada)
        if y[j] == "1000":
            weight_list.append(variables.weight_1000_ada)
        if y[j] == "1500":
            weight_list.append(variables.weight_1500_ada)
        if y[j] == "2000":
            weight_list.append(variables.weight_2000_ada)

    clf = AdaBoostClassifier(n_estimators=variables.n_estimators_ada, learning_rate=variables.learning_rate_ada).fit(x,
                                                                                                                     y,
                                                                                                                     np.asarray(
                                                                                                                         weight_list))
    prediction_list = clf.predict(test_x)
    prediction_list_prob = clf.predict_proba(test_x)

    return prediction_list, prediction_list_prob 

def _train_adaboost(self, X, y):
        # Define hyperparams.
        # http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/ensemble.html#adaboost
        self._get_or_set_hyperparam('base_estimator')
        self._get_or_set_hyperparam('n_estimators')
        self._get_or_set_hyperparam('learning_rate')
        self._get_or_set_hyperparam('adaboost_algorithm')
        self._get_or_set_hyperparam('n_jobs')
        self._get_or_set_hyperparam('class_weight')
        self._get_or_set_hyperparam('scoring')

        # Build initial model.
        self._model = AdaBoostClassifier(\
            base_estimator=DecisionTreeClassifier(class_weight='balanced'),
            n_estimators=self._hyperparams['n_estimators'],
            learning_rate=self._hyperparams['learning_rate'],
            algorithm=self._hyperparams['adaboost_algorithm'],
            random_state=self._hyperparams['random_state']
        )

        # Tune hyperparams.
        self._tune_hyperparams(self._hyperparam_search_space, X, y) 

def test_ada_boost_classifier_samme_r(self):
        model, X_test = fit_classification_model(AdaBoostClassifier(
            n_estimators=10, algorithm="SAMME.R", random_state=42,
            base_estimator=DecisionTreeClassifier(
                max_depth=2, random_state=42)), 3)
        model_onnx = convert_sklearn(
            model,
            "AdaBoost classification",
            [("input", FloatTensorType((None, X_test.shape[1])))],
            target_opset=10
        )
        self.assertIsNotNone(model_onnx)
        dump_data_and_model(
            X_test,
            model,
            model_onnx,
            basename="SklearnAdaBoostClassifierSAMMER",
            allow_failure="StrictVersion("
            "onnxruntime.__version__)"
            "<= StrictVersion('0.2.1')",
        ) 

def test_ada_boost_classifier_samme_r_decision_function(self):
        model, X_test = fit_classification_model(AdaBoostClassifier(
            n_estimators=10, algorithm="SAMME.R", random_state=42,
            base_estimator=DecisionTreeClassifier(
                max_depth=2, random_state=42)), 4)
        options = {id(model): {'raw_scores': True}}
        model_onnx = convert_sklearn(
            model,
            "AdaBoost classification",
            [("input", FloatTensorType((None, X_test.shape[1])))],
            target_opset=10,
            options=options,
        )
        self.assertIsNotNone(model_onnx)
        dump_data_and_model(
            X_test,
            model,
            model_onnx,
            basename="SklearnAdaBoostClassifierSAMMERDecisionFunction",
            allow_failure="StrictVersion("
            "onnxruntime.__version__)"
            "<= StrictVersion('0.2.1')",
            methods=['predict', 'decision_function'],
        ) 

def test_ada_boost_classifier_samme_r_logreg(self):
        model, X_test = fit_classification_model(AdaBoostClassifier(
            n_estimators=5, algorithm="SAMME.R",
            base_estimator=LogisticRegression(
                solver='liblinear')), 4)
        model_onnx = convert_sklearn(
            model,
            "AdaBoost classification",
            [("input", FloatTensorType((None, X_test.shape[1])))],
            target_opset=10
        )
        self.assertIsNotNone(model_onnx)
        dump_data_and_model(
            X_test,
            model,
            model_onnx,
            basename="SklearnAdaBoostClassifierSAMMERLogReg",
            allow_failure="StrictVersion("
            "onnxruntime.__version__)"
            "<= StrictVersion('0.2.1')",
        ) 

def test_ada_boost_classifier_samme(self):
        model, X_test = fit_classification_model(AdaBoostClassifier(
            n_estimators=5, algorithm="SAMME", random_state=42,
            base_estimator=DecisionTreeClassifier(
                max_depth=6, random_state=42)), 2)
        model_onnx = convert_sklearn(
            model,
            "AdaBoostClSamme",
            [("input", FloatTensorType((None, X_test.shape[1])))],
            target_opset=10,
        )
        self.assertIsNotNone(model_onnx)
        dump_data_and_model(
            X_test,
            model,
            model_onnx,
            basename="SklearnAdaBoostClassifierSAMMEDT",
            allow_failure="StrictVersion("
            "onnxruntime.__version__)"
            "< StrictVersion('0.5.0')",
        ) 

def test_ada_boost_classifier_samme_decision_function(self):
        model, X_test = fit_classification_model(AdaBoostClassifier(
            n_estimators=5, algorithm="SAMME", random_state=42,
            base_estimator=DecisionTreeClassifier(
                max_depth=6, random_state=42)), 2)
        options = {id(model): {'raw_scores': True}}
        model_onnx = convert_sklearn(
            model,
            "AdaBoostClSamme",
            [("input", FloatTensorType((None, X_test.shape[1])))],
            target_opset=10,
            options=options,
        )
        self.assertIsNotNone(model_onnx)
        dump_data_and_model(
            X_test,
            model,
            model_onnx,
            basename="SklearnAdaBoostClassifierSAMMEDTDecisionFunction",
            allow_failure="StrictVersion("
            "onnxruntime.__version__)"
            "< StrictVersion('0.5.0')",
            methods=['predict', 'decision_function_binary'],
        ) 

def test_ada_boost_classifier_bool(self):
        model, X_test = fit_classification_model(
            AdaBoostClassifier(random_state=42), 3,
            is_bool=True)
        model_onnx = convert_sklearn(
            model,
            "AdaBoost classification",
            [("input", BooleanTensorType((None, X_test.shape[1])))],
            target_opset=10,
        )
        self.assertIsNotNone(model_onnx)
        dump_data_and_model(
            X_test,
            model,
            model_onnx,
            basename="SklearnAdaBoostClassifierBool",
            allow_failure="StrictVersion("
            "onnxruntime.__version__)"
            "<= StrictVersion('0.2.1')",
        ) 

def adaboost_classifier(self, assign=True, base_estimator=DecisionTreeClassifier(), **kwargs):
        """
        有监督学习分类器，实例化AdaBoostClassifier，默认使用：
            AdaBoostClassifier(base_estimator=base_estimator, n_estimators=100, random_state=1)

        通过**kwargs即关键字参数透传AdaBoostClassifier，即:
            AdaBoostClassifier(**kwargs)

        :param base_estimator: 默认使用DecisionTreeClassifier()
        :param assign: 是否保存实例后的AdaBoostClassifier对象，默认True，self.clf = clf
        :param kwargs: 有参数情况下初始化: AdaBoostClassifier(**kwargs)
                       无参数情况下初始化: AdaBoostClassifier(n_estimators=100, random_state=1)

        :return: 实例化的AdaBoostClassifier对象
        """
        if kwargs is not None and len(kwargs) > 0:
            if 'base_estimator' not in kwargs:
                kwargs['base_estimator'] = base_estimator
            clf = AdaBoostClassifier(**kwargs)
        else:
            clf = AdaBoostClassifier(base_estimator=base_estimator, n_estimators=100, random_state=1)
        if assign:
            self.clf = clf
        return clf 

def __init__(
        self,data_block, predictors=[],cv_folds=10,
        scoring_metric='accuracy',additional_display_metrics=[]):

        base_classification.__init__(
            self, alg=AdaBoostClassifier(), data_block=data_block, 
            predictors=predictors,cv_folds=cv_folds,
            scoring_metric=scoring_metric, 
            additional_display_metrics=additional_display_metrics
            )

        self.model_output = pd.Series(self.default_parameters)
        self.model_output['Feature_Importance'] = "-"

        #Set parameters to default values:
        self.set_parameters(set_default=True) 

def __init__(self, isTrain, isOutlierRemoval):
        super(ClassificationAdaBoost, self).__init__(isTrain, isOutlierRemoval)
        # data preprocessing
        self.dataPreprocessing()

        self.dt_stump = DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=10)
        self.ada = AdaBoostClassifier(
            base_estimator=self.dt_stump,
            learning_rate=1,
            n_estimators=7,
            algorithm="SAMME.R")
        # self.dt_stump = DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=14)
        # self.ada = AdaBoostClassifier(
        #     base_estimator=self.dt_stump,
        #     learning_rate=1,
        #     n_estimators=50,
        #     algorithm="SAMME") 

def test_different_scorer():
    X, y = make_classification(n_samples=100, random_state=42)
    X_val, y_val = make_classification(n_samples=25, random_state=123)
    pool = AdaBoostClassifier(n_estimators=10).fit(X, y)
    performances = []
    for clf in pool:
        preds = clf.predict_proba(X_val)
        performances.append(log_loss(y_val.ravel(), preds[:, -1]))
    id_best = np.argsort(performances)
    ss = StaticSelection(pool_classifiers=pool, scoring='neg_log_loss')
    ss.fit(X_val, y_val)
    assert (id_best[:ss.n_classifiers_ensemble_] == ss.clf_indices_).all()


# Test if static_selection can select the best classifier according to a
# metric that needs to be minimized. 

def test_gridsearch():
    # Check that base trees can be grid-searched.
    # AdaBoost classification
    boost = AdaBoostClassifier(base_estimator=DecisionTreeClassifier())
    parameters = {'n_estimators': (1, 2),
                  'base_estimator__max_depth': (1, 2),
                  'algorithm': ('SAMME', 'SAMME.R')}
    clf = GridSearchCV(boost, parameters)
    clf.fit(iris.data, iris.target)

    # AdaBoost regression
    boost = AdaBoostRegressor(base_estimator=DecisionTreeRegressor(),
                              random_state=0)
    parameters = {'n_estimators': (1, 2),
                  'base_estimator__max_depth': (1, 2)}
    clf = GridSearchCV(boost, parameters)
    clf.fit(boston.data, boston.target) 

def test_importances():
    # Check variable importances.
    X, y = datasets.make_classification(n_samples=2000,
                                        n_features=10,
                                        n_informative=3,
                                        n_redundant=0,
                                        n_repeated=0,
                                        shuffle=False,
                                        random_state=1)

    for alg in ['SAMME', 'SAMME.R']:
        clf = AdaBoostClassifier(algorithm=alg)

        clf.fit(X, y)
        importances = clf.feature_importances_

        assert_equal(importances.shape[0], 10)
        assert_equal((importances[:3, np.newaxis] >= importances[3:]).all(),
                     True) 

def define_clfs_params(self):
        '''
        Defines all relevant parameters and classes for classfier objects.
        Edit these if you wish to change parameters.
        '''
        # These are the classifiers
        self.clfs = {
            'RF': RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators = 50, n_jobs = -1),
            'ET': ExtraTreesClassifier(n_estimators = 10, n_jobs = -1, criterion = 'entropy'),
            'AB': AdaBoostClassifier(DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth = [1, 5, 10, 15]), algorithm = "SAMME", n_estimators = 200),
            'LR': LogisticRegression(penalty = 'l1', C = 1e5),
            'SVM': svm.SVC(kernel = 'linear', probability = True, random_state = 0),
            'GB': GradientBoostingClassifier(learning_rate = 0.05, subsample = 0.5, max_depth = 6, n_estimators = 10),
            'NB': GaussianNB(),
            'DT': DecisionTreeClassifier(),
            'SGD': SGDClassifier(loss = 'log', penalty = 'l2'),
            'KNN': KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors = 3)
            }
        # These are the parameters which will be run through
        self.params = {
             'RF':{'n_estimators': [1,10,100,1000], 'max_depth': [10, 15,20,30,40,50,60,70,100], 'max_features': ['sqrt','log2'],'min_samples_split': [2,5,10], 'random_state': [1]},
             'LR': {'penalty': ['l1','l2'], 'C': [0.00001,0.0001,0.001,0.01,0.1,1,10], 'random_state': [1]},
             'SGD': {'loss': ['log'], 'penalty': ['l2','l1','elasticnet'], 'random_state': [1]},
             'ET': {'n_estimators': [1,10,100,1000], 'criterion' : ['gini', 'entropy'], 'max_depth': [1,3,5,10,15], 'max_features': ['sqrt','log2'],'min_samples_split': [2,5,10], 'random_state': [1]},
             'AB': {'algorithm': ['SAMME', 'SAMME.R'], 'n_estimators': [1,10,100,1000], 'random_state': [1]},
             'GB': {'n_estimators': [1,10,100,1000], 'learning_rate' : [0.001,0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5],'subsample' : [0.1,0.5,1.0], 'max_depth': [1,3,5,10,20,50,100], 'random_state': [1]},
             'NB': {},
             'DT': {'criterion': ['gini', 'entropy'], 'max_depth': [1,2,15,20,30,40,50], 'max_features': ['sqrt','log2'],'min_samples_split': [2,5,10], 'random_state': [1]},
             'SVM' :{'C' :[0.00001,0.0001,0.001,0.01,0.1,1,10],'kernel':['linear'], 'random_state': [1]},
             'KNN' :{'n_neighbors': [1,5,10,25,50,100],'weights': ['uniform','distance'],'algorithm': ['auto','ball_tree','kd_tree']}
             } 

def performAdaBoostClass(X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, parameters, savemodel):
    """
    Ada Boosting binary Classification
    """
    # n = parameters[0]
    # l =  parameters[1]
    clf = AdaBoostClassifier()
    clf.fit(X_train, y_train)

    accuracy = clf.score(X_test, y_test)

    return accuracy 

def Adaboost_First(self, data, max_depth=5, n_estimators=300):
        model = AdaBoostClassifier(DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=max_depth),
                                   algorithm="SAMME",
                                   n_estimators=n_estimators, learning_rate=0.8)
        model.fit(data['train'][:, :-1], data['train'][:, -1])
        # 存储验证数据集结果和预测数据集结果的
        # 训练数据集的预测结果
        xul = model.predict(data['train'][:, :-1])
        # 验证的预测结果
        yanre = model.predict(data['test'][:, :-1])
        # 预测的预测结果
        prer = model.predict(data['predict'][:, :-1])

        # 每计算一折后，要计算训练、验证、预测数据的误差
        xx = self.F1(xul, data['train'][:, -1])

        yy = self.F1(yanre, data['test'][:, -1])

        pp = self.F1(prer, data['predict'][:, -1])

        # 开始结合
        self.yanzhneg_pr.append(yanre)
        self.yanzhneg_real = data['test'][:, -1]
        self.predi.append(prer)
        self.preal = data['predict'][:, -1]

        # 存储误差
        self.error_dict['AdaBoost'] = [xx, yy, pp]

        return print('1层中的AdaBoost运行完毕')

    # GBDT 

def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        super(AdaBoost, self).__init__()
        super(AdaBoost, self).SetModel(AdaBoostClassifier(random_state=RANDOM_SEED[CLASSIFIER_AB], **kwargs)) 

def test_oneclass_adaboost_proba():
    # Test predict_proba robustness for one class label input.
    # In response to issue #7501
    # https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/7501
    y_t = np.ones(len(X))
    clf = AdaBoostClassifier().fit(X, y_t)
    assert_array_almost_equal(clf.predict_proba(X), np.ones((len(X), 1))) 

def test_classification_toy():
    # Check classification on a toy dataset.
    for alg in ['SAMME', 'SAMME.R']:
        clf = AdaBoostClassifier(algorithm=alg, random_state=0)
        clf.fit(X, y_class)
        assert_array_equal(clf.predict(T), y_t_class)
        assert_array_equal(np.unique(np.asarray(y_t_class)), clf.classes_)
        assert_equal(clf.predict_proba(T).shape, (len(T), 2))
        assert_equal(clf.decision_function(T).shape, (len(T),)) 

def test_iris():
    # Check consistency on dataset iris.
    classes = np.unique(iris.target)
    clf_samme = prob_samme = None

    for alg in ['SAMME', 'SAMME.R']:
        clf = AdaBoostClassifier(algorithm=alg)
        clf.fit(iris.data, iris.target)

        assert_array_equal(classes, clf.classes_)
        proba = clf.predict_proba(iris.data)
        if alg == "SAMME":
            clf_samme = clf
            prob_samme = proba
        assert_equal(proba.shape[1], len(classes))
        assert_equal(clf.decision_function(iris.data).shape[1], len(classes))

        score = clf.score(iris.data, iris.target)
        assert score > 0.9, "Failed with algorithm %s and score = %f" % \
            (alg, score)

        # Check we used multiple estimators
        assert_greater(len(clf.estimators_), 1)
        # Check for distinct random states (see issue #7408)
        assert_equal(len(set(est.random_state for est in clf.estimators_)),
                     len(clf.estimators_))

    # Somewhat hacky regression test: prior to
    # ae7adc880d624615a34bafdb1d75ef67051b8200,
    # predict_proba returned SAMME.R values for SAMME.
    clf_samme.algorithm = "SAMME.R"
    assert_array_less(0,
                      np.abs(clf_samme.predict_proba(iris.data) - prob_samme))