我正在使用Selenium3.3.1，我正在测试下面的代码。
运行后，将显示以下错误：
线程“main”中的异常 java.lang.IllegalStateException：驱动程序可执行文件的路径必须由 webdriver.gecko.driver system 属性设置;有关详细信息，请参阅 https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver。最新版本 https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases 可以从 org.openqa.selenium.firefox.geckoDriverService.java：738） 的 com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState（Preconditions.java：738） 的 org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService.findExecutable（DriverService.java：111） org.openqa.selenium.firefox.geckoDriverService$Builder.findDefaultExecutable（GeckoDriverService.java：112） 下载org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService$Builder.build（DriverService.java：302） at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.toExecutor（FirefoxDriver.java：233） at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.（FirefoxDriver.java：125） at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.（FirefoxDriver.java：121）在Selenium_login。（Selenium_login.java：13） 在 Selenium_login.main（Selenium_login.java：70） /home/ali/.cache/netbeans/dev/executor-snippets/run.xml：53：Java 返回：1 次构建失败（总时间：0 秒）
Java代码:
import java.io.*;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class Selenium_login {
public WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
/**
* Open the test website.
*/
public void openTestSite() {
driver.navigate().to("http://testing-ground.scraping.pro/login");
}
/**
*
* @param username
* @param Password
*
* Logins into the website, by entering provided username and
* password
*/
public void login(String username, String Password) {
WebElement userName_editbox = driver.findElement(By.id("usr"));
WebElement password_editbox = driver.findElement(By.id("pwd"));
WebElement submit_button = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@value='Login']"));
userName_editbox.sendKeys(username);
password_editbox.sendKeys(Password);
submit_button.click();
}
/**
* grabs the status text and saves that into status.txt file
*
* @throws IOException
*/
public void getText() throws IOException {
String text = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='case_login']/h3")).getText();
Writer writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("status.txt"), "utf-8"));
writer.write(text);
writer.close();
}
/**
* Saves the screenshot
*
* @throws IOException
*/
public void saveScreenshot() throws IOException {
File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File("screenshot.png"));
}
public void closeBrowser() {
driver.close();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Selenium_login webSrcaper = new Selenium_login();
webSrcaper.openTestSite();
webSrcaper.login("admin", "12345");
webSrcaper.getText();
webSrcaper.saveScreenshot();
webSrcaper.closeBrowser();
}
}
从Selenium 3.0开始，您需要使用gecko驱动程序与Firefox交互。根据您的操作系统从github下载gecko驱动程序并将geckodriver.exe提取到文件夹中。
在初始化 Web 驱动程序之前添加以下行：
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver","c:/your/path/to/geckodriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
...
例如硒中的驱动程序构造函数
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
搜索驱动程序可执行文件，在这种情况下，Firefox驱动程序搜索壁虎驱动程序可执行文件。如果服务找不到可执行文件，则会引发异常
这就是异常的来源（注意check state方法）
/**
*
* @param exeName Name of the executable file to look for in PATH
* @param exeProperty Name of a system property that specifies the path to the executable file
* @param exeDocs The link to the driver documentation page
* @param exeDownload The link to the driver download page
*
* @return The driver executable as a {@link File} object
* @throws IllegalStateException If the executable not found or cannot be executed
*/
protected static File findExecutable(
String exeName,
String exeProperty,
String exeDocs,
String exeDownload) {
String defaultPath = new ExecutableFinder().find(exeName);
String exePath = System.getProperty(exeProperty, defaultPath);
checkState(exePath != null,
"The path to the driver executable must be set by the %s system property;"
+ " for more information, see %s. "
+ "The latest version can be downloaded from %s",
exeProperty, exeDocs, exeDownload);
File exe = new File(exePath);
checkExecutable(exe);
return exe;
}
以下是抛出异常的检查状态方法
/**
* Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
* involving any parameters to the calling method.
*
* <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
*/
public static void checkState(
boolean b,
@Nullable String errorMessageTemplate,
@Nullable Object p1,
@Nullable Object p2,
@Nullable Object p3) {
if (!b) {
throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2, p3));
}
}
解决方案:在创建驱动程序对象之前设置系统属性，如下所示
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "./libs/geckodriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
以下是驱动程序服务搜索驱动程序可执行文件的代码片段(适用于firefox和chrome ):
火狐：
@Override
protected File findDefaultExecutable() {
return findExecutable(
"geckodriver", GECKO_DRIVER_EXE_PROPERTY,
"https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver",
"https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases");
}
铬合金:
@Override
protected File findDefaultExecutable() {
return findExecutable("chromedriver", CHROME_DRIVER_EXE_PROPERTY,
"https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki/ChromeDriver",
"http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html");
}
其中GECKO_DRIVER_EXE_PROPERTY="webdriver.gecko.driver"CHROME_DRIVER_EXE_PROPERTY="webdriver.chrome.driver"
其他浏览器的情况也类似，下面是可用浏览器实现列表的快照
