我有一个问题口才模型，一个课程口才模型，一个大学口才模型。大学与课程之间存在一对多的关系。问题与课程之间存在多对多关系。三种型号如下所示：

问题模型

namespace App;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Question extends Model
{
    /**
     * The database table that the Model uses
     * @var string
     */
    protected $table = "questions";

    /**
     * The fields that are mass assignable
     * @var array
     */
    protected $fillable = ['title','body','images','quality_score','deactivated','creator_id','reviewer_id'];


    /**
     * Images is stored as serialized json.
     * So we cast it to a PHP array.
     * See: http://laravel.com/docs/5.1/eloquent-mutators#attribute-casting
     */
    protected $casts = [
        'images' => 'array',
    ];

    public function courses(){
        return $this->belongsToMany('App\Course');
    }
}

课程模式

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Course extends Model
{
    /**
     * The database table used by the model
     * @var string
     */
    protected $table  = "courses";

    /**
     * The fields that can be mass assigned
     * @var array
     */
    protected $fillable = ['name', 'instructor', 'acronym', 'university_id', 'creator_id', 'reviewer_id'];

    /**
     * There exists a many to one relationship between the Course and User
     * This user is the creator of the course
     *
     * @method void
     *
     */
    public function creator(){
        return $this->hasOne('App\User','creator_id');
    }

    /**
     * There exists a many to one relationship between the Course and User
     * This user is the reviewer of the course
     * The reviewer of the Course will always be an admin
     * If an Admin is the creator, then the reviewer is also the same admin
     *
     * @method void
     */

    public function reviewer(){
        return $this->hasOne('App\User','reviewer_id');
    }

    /**
     * There exists a one to many relationship between the University and the Course
     * This university is where the course is held
     * Courses may float i.e. not be associated to any university
     *
     * @method void
     */
    public function university(){
        return $this->belongsTo('App\University');
    }

    /**
     * This method is an accessor. It automatically changes the acronym to be all capitals
     * regardless of how it is stored in the database.
     * See: http://laravel.com/docs/5.1/eloquent-mutators#accessors-and-mutators
     * @param $value (String from Database)
     * @return string (Capitalized String)
     */
    public function getAcronymAttribute($value){
        return strtoupper($value);
    }
}

大学模式

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class University extends Model
{
    /**
     * The database table used by the model
     * @var string
     */
    protected $table = "universities";

    /**
     * The fields that can be mass assigned
     * name = Name of the University (Example: University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign)
     * acronym = Acronym of the University (Example: UIUC)
     * creator_id = Id of User that created the University
     * reviewer_id = Id of User that reviewed and approved the University
     *
     * Universities will not be displayed to users without admin role unless they have been reviewed.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $fillable = ['name','acronym','creator_id','reviewer_id'];

    /**
     * This method is an accessor. It automatically changes the acronym to be all capitals
     * regardless of how it is stored in the database.
     * See: http://laravel.com/docs/5.1/eloquent-mutators#accessors-and-mutators
     * @param $value (String from Database)
     * @return string (Capitalized String)
     */
    public function getAcronymAttribute($value){
        return strtoupper($value);
    }

}

在我的主页上，我显示了一个问题列表，并允许对课程和大学进行筛选。控制器方法如下所示：

public function getHome(Request $request){

        /**
         * Eager Load with Course and University
         */
        $questions = Question::with('courses.university')->get();

        /*
         * Filter Questions to remove unwanted entries based on course id
         */
        if($request->has('course_id') && $request->input('course_id') != -1){
            $questions = $questions->filter(function($question) use ($request){
               foreach($question->courses as $course){
                   if ($course->id == $request->input('course_id')){
                       return true;
                   }
               }
            });
        }

        /*
         * Filter Questions to remove unwanted entries based on university id
         */
        if($request->has('university_id') && $request->input('university_id') != -1){
            $questions = $questions->filter(function($question) use ($request){
                foreach($question->courses as $course){
                    if ($course->university->id == $request->input('university_id')){
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            });
        }

        /*
         * Return the Welcome View with Pagination on the Questions Displayed
         * List of Courses and List of Universities
         */
        return view('welcome',[
            'questions' => $questions,
            'courses' => Course::all(),
            'universities' => University::all(),
            'selected_university_id' => $request->input('university_id',-1),
            'selected_course_id' => $request->input('course_id',-1)
        ]);

    }

我在上面所做的是从数据库返回所有问题，并对它们进行梳理，以删除所有与过滤器不匹配的问题。这显然是相当低效的。我想使用嵌套的即时加载约束，除非我在定义约束时遇到很多麻烦。此外，我希望使用服务器端分页，以使客户端在低速internet连接上的体验更好。

以下是我的一个尝试：

$questions = Question::with(['courses.university' => function($query) use ($request){
            if($request->has('university_id') && $request->input('university_id') != -1) {
                $query->where('id', $request->input('university_id'));
            }

            if($request->has('course_id') && $request->input('course_id') != -1){
                $query->where('courses.id',$request->input('course_id'));
            }
        }])->paginate(10);

当我没有任何过滤器时，这工作正常。

当我确实定义了一个university_id时，我得到一个错误：试图获取非对象的属性（View:/var/www/testing.com/resources/views/welcome.blade.php）

当我有一个course_id定义，我得到的错误：SQLSTATE[42S22]：列未找到：1054未知列'courses.id'在'where子句'（SQL：选择*从大学其中大学.id在（1,2）和课程.id=1）

当我定义了course_id时，我预期会出现错误（因为我在$query的第一个参数处盲目尝试了一下）-

我正在寻找在定义嵌套渴望加载约束方面的帮助。