JasperReports 报表表达式

1 JasperReports 报表表达式声明

报表表达式是 JasperReports 的强大功能,它允许我们在报表上显示计算数据。计算数据是指非静态数据且未专门作为报表参数或数据源字段传递的数据。报表表达式是通过组合报表参数、字段和静态数据而构建的。默认情况下,Java 语言用于编写报表表达式。JasperReports 编译器支持用于报表表达式的其他脚本语言,如 Groovy 脚本语言、JavaScript 或 BeanShell 脚本。

本章将向您解释 - 报告表达式如何工作,假设它们仅使用 Java 语言编写。在 JRXML 报告模板中,有几个元素将表达式定义为 -

  • <variableExpression>
  • <initialValueExpression>
  • <groupExpression>
  • <printWhenExpression>
  • <imageExpression>
  • <textFieldExpression>

报表表达式声明

基本上所有的报表表达式都是Java表达式,可以引用报表字段、报表变量和报表参数。

表达式中的字段引用

要在表达式中使用报告字段引用,字段名称必须放在$F{和}字符序列之间,如下所示 -

<textfieldexpression>
   $F{Name}
</textfieldexpression>

以下是我们现有 JRXML 文件中的一段代码(JasperReports 模板设计章节)

<textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String">
   <![CDATA[$F{country}]]>
</textFieldExpression>

表达式中的变量引用

要在表达式中引用变量,我们必须将变量的名称放在$V{和}之间,如下面的示例所示 :

<textfieldexpression>
   "Total height : " + $V{SumOfHeight} + " ft."
</textfieldexpression>

表达式中的参数引用

要在表达式中引用参数,参数的名称应放在$P{和}之间,如下面的示例所示 :

<textfieldexpression>
   "ReportTitle : " + $P{Title}
</textfieldexpression>

以下是我们现有的 JRXML 文件中的一段代码,它演示了表达式中参数的引用。(JasperReports 模板设计章节)

<textField isBlankWhenNull = "true" bookmarkLevel = "1">
   <reportElement x = "0" y = "10" width = "515" height = "30"/>
   
   <textElement textAlignment = "Center">
      <font size = "22"/>
   </textElement>
   
   <textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String">
      <![CDATA[$P{ReportTitle}]]>
   </textFieldExpression>
   
   <anchorNameExpression>
      <![CDATA["Title"]]>
   </anchorNameExpression>
</textField>

<textField isBlankWhenNull = "true">
   <reportElement  x = "0" y = "40" width = "515" height = "20"/>
   
   <textElement textAlignment = "Center">
      <font size = "10"/>
   </textElement>
   
   <textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String">
      <![CDATA[$P{Author}]]>
   </textFieldExpression>
</textField>

正如您在上面看到的,参数、字段和变量引用实际上是真正的 Java 对象。通过报告模板中的参数、字段或变量声明了解它们的类,我们甚至可以在表达式中调用这些对象引用的方法。

以下示例显示 : 如何从 java.lang.String 报告字段“名称”中提取和显示第一个字母 -

<textFieldExpression>
   $F{Name}.substring(0, 1)
</textFieldExpression>

表达式中的资源包引用

要在表达式中引用资源,应将键放在$R{和}之间,如下面的示例所示 :

<textfieldexpression>
   $R{report.title}
</textfieldexpression>

根据运行时提供的语言环境和report.title键,加载与报告模板关联的资源包。因此,报告的标题是通过从资源包中提取字符串值来显示的。更多关于国际化可以在一章中找到国际化

2 JasperReports Calculator

Calculator 是 JasperReports 中的一个实体,它在报表填写时计算表达式并递增变量或数据集。在编译过程中,信息由编译器产生并存储在编译报告中。此信息在报告填写期间用于构建 net.sf.jasperreports.engine.fill.JRCalculator 类的实例。

Java 源文件由基于 Java 的报告编译器动态生成和编译。这个生成的类是JRCalculator的子类,编译生成的字节码存放在JasperReport对象中。这个字节码在报告填充时加载,生成的类被实例化以获得表达式计算所需的计算器对象。

3 JasperReports 条件表达式

JasperReports 在定义变量表达式时不支持 if-else 语句。相反,您可以使用三元运算符{cond} ? {语句 1} : {语句 2}。该运算符可以嵌套在 Java 表达式中,以根据多个条件获得所需的输出。

4 JasperReports 报表条件表达式的示例

本案例中,让我们修改现有的报表模板(JasperReports 模板设计章节)并为字段 country 添加条件表达式。

项目结构如下:

pom.xml文件

<dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/net.sf.jasperreports/jasperreports -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sf.jasperreports</groupId>
            <artifactId>jasperreports</artifactId>
            <version>6.17.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
            <artifactId>groovy-all</artifactId>
            <version>2.4.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
            <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
            <version>3.17</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

DataBean实体类:

package com.yiidian;

public class DataBean {
   private String name;
   private String country;

   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }

   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }

   public String getCountry() {
      return country;
   }

   public void setCountry(String country) {
      this.country = country;
   }
}

DataBeanList类:

package com.yiidian;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class DataBeanList {
   public ArrayList<DataBean> getDataBeanList() {
      ArrayList<DataBean> dataBeanList = new ArrayList<DataBean>();

      dataBeanList.add(produce("Manisha", "India"));
      dataBeanList.add(produce("Dennis Ritchie", "USA"));
      dataBeanList.add(produce("V.Anand", "India"));
      dataBeanList.add(produce("Shrinath", "California"));
      dataBeanList.add(produce("Tanmay", ""));

      return dataBeanList;
   }

   /**
    * This method returns a DataBean object,
    * with name and country set in it.
    */
   private DataBean produce(String name, String country) {
      DataBean dataBean = new DataBean();
      dataBean.setName(name);
      dataBean.setCountry(country);
      
      return dataBean;
   }
}

jasper_report_template.jrxml模板文件:

<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE jasperReport PUBLIC
   "//JasperReports//DTD Report Design//EN"
   "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/dtds/jasperreport.dtd">

<jasperReport xmlns = "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports" 
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = 
   "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports
   http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/xsd/jasperreport.xsd" 
   name = "jasper_report_template" pageWidth = "595" pageHeight = "842" 
   columnWidth = "515" leftMargin = "40" rightMargin = "40" 
   topMargin = "50" bottomMargin = "50">

   <parameter name = "ReportTitle" class = "java.lang.String"/>
   <parameter name = "Author" class = "java.lang.String"/>
   
   <queryString>
      <![CDATA[]]>
   </queryString>
   
   <field name = "country" class = "java.lang.String">
      <fieldDescription><![CDATA[country]]></fieldDescription>
   </field>
   
   <field name = "name" class = "java.lang.String">
      <fieldDescription><![CDATA[name]]></fieldDescription>
   </field>
   
   <sortField name = "country" order = "Descending"/>
   <sortField name = "name"/>
   
   <title>
      <band height = "70">
         
         <line>
            <reportElement x = "0" y = "0" width = "515" height = "1"/>
         </line>
         
         <textField isBlankWhenNull = "true" bookmarkLevel = "1">
            <reportElement x = "0" y = "10" width = "515" height = "30"/>
            
            <textElement textAlignment = "Center">
               <font size = "22"/>
            </textElement>
            
            <textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String">
               <![CDATA[$P{ReportTitle}]]>
            </textFieldExpression>
            
            <anchorNameExpression>
               <![CDATA["Title"]]>
            </anchorNameExpression>
         </textField>
            
         <textField isBlankWhenNull = "true">
            <reportElement  x = "0" y = "40" width = "515" height = "20"/>
            
            <textElement textAlignment = "Center">
               <font size = "10"/>
            </textElement>
            
            <textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String">
               <![CDATA[$P{Author}]]>
            </textFieldExpression>
         </textField>
      
      </band>
   </title>
   
   <columnHeader>
      <band height = "23">
         
         <staticText>
            <reportElement mode = "Opaque" x = "0" y = "3" width = "535" height = "15"
               backcolor = "#70A9A9" />
            
            <box>
               <bottomPen lineWidth = "1.0" lineColor = "#CCCCCC" />
            </box>
            
            <textElement />
            <text>
               <![CDATA[]]>
            </text>
         </staticText>
         
         <staticText>
            <reportElement x = "414" y = "3" width = "121" height = "15" />
            
            <textElement textAlignment = "Center" verticalAlignment = "Middle">
               <font isBold = "true" />
            </textElement>
				
            <text><![CDATA[Country]]></text>
         </staticText>
         
         <staticText>
            <reportElement x = "0" y = "3" width = "136" height = "15" />
            
            <textElement textAlignment = "Center" verticalAlignment = "Middle">
               <font isBold = "true" />
            </textElement>
            
            <text><![CDATA[Name]]></text>
         </staticText>
      
      </band>
   </columnHeader>

   <detail>
      <band height = "16">
         
         <staticText>
            <reportElement mode = "Opaque" x = "0" y = "0" width = "535" height = "14"
               backcolor = "#E5ECF9" />
            
            <box>
               <bottomPen lineWidth = "0.25" lineColor = "#CCCCCC" />
            </box>
				
            <textElement />
            <text>
               <![CDATA[]]>
            </text>
         </staticText>
         
         <textField>
            <reportElement x = "414" y = "0" width = "121" height = "15" />
            
            <textElement textAlignment = "Center" verticalAlignment = "Middle">
               <font size = "9" />
            </textElement>
            
            <textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String">
               <![CDATA[$F{country}.isEmpty() ? "NO COUNTRY" : $F{country}]]>
            </textFieldExpression>
         </textField>
         
         <textField>
            <reportElement x = "0" y = "0" width = "136" height = "15" />
            <textElement textAlignment = "Center" verticalAlignment = "Middle" />
            
            <textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String">
               <![CDATA[$F{name}]]>
            </textFieldExpression>
         </textField>
			
      </band>
   </detail>
	
</jasperReport>

先编译报表文件:

package com.yiidian;

import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.*;
import net.sf.jasperreports.view.JasperViewer;

public class JasperReportFill {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      String filePath = "D:/idea_codes/jasper_reports/jasper_report_template.jrxml";
      try {
         JasperCompileManager.compileReportToFile(filePath,"d:/jasper_report_template.jasper");
         System.out.println("编译成功");
      } catch (JRException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

编译后在D:/盘根目录下生成jasper_report_template.jasper文件,然后再填充数据:

package com.yiidian;

import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.*;
import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.data.JRBeanCollectionDataSource;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class JasperReportFill {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
         String sourceFileName = "d:/jasper_report_template.jasper";

         DataBeanList DataBeanList = new DataBeanList();
         ArrayList<DataBean> dataList = DataBeanList.getDataBeanList();

         JRBeanCollectionDataSource beanColDataSource =
                 new JRBeanCollectionDataSource(dataList);

         Map parameters = new HashMap();
         /**
          * Passing ReportTitle and Author as parameters
          */
         parameters.put("ReportTitle", "List of Contacts");
         parameters.put("Author", "Prepared By Manisha");

         try {
            JasperFillManager.fillReportToFile(
                    sourceFileName, parameters, beanColDataSource);
         } catch (JRException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
         }
      }
}

填充数据完毕后,在D:/盘根目录下生成jasper_report_template.jrprint文件,最后使用预览程序预览:

package com.yiidian;

import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.*;
import net.sf.jasperreports.view.JasperViewer;

public class JasperReportFill {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      String filePath = "D:/jasper_report_template.jrprint";
      try {
         JasperViewer.viewReport(filePath,false);
      } catch (JRException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

最后输出结果如下:

从效果我们看到,对于最后一条记录,我们没有为字段 country 传递任何数据,正在打印“NO COUNTRY”。

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