HttpClient 请求拦截器

什么是HttpClient拦截器

HttpClient拦截器是帮助阻止或更改请求或响应的那些。协议拦截器通常作用于特定的标头或一组相关的标头。HttpClient 库提供对拦截器的支持。

HttpClient 请求拦截器

上述HttpRequestInterceptor接口表示请求拦截器。此接口包含一个称为进程的方法,您需要在其中编写代码块来拦截请求。

在客户端,此方法在将请求发送到服务器之前验证/处理请求,而在服务器端,此方法在评估请求正文之前执行。

如何创建HttpClient请求拦截器

您可以按照以下步骤创建请求拦截器。

第 1 步 : 创建一个 HttpRequestInterceptor 对象

通过实现其抽象方法过程来创建 HttpRequestInterceptor 接口的对象。

HttpRequestInterceptor requestInterceptor = new HttpRequestInterceptor() {
   @Override
   public void process(HttpRequest request, HttpContext context) throws
         HttpException, IOException {
         //Method implementation . . . . .
   };
}

第 2 步 : 实例化 CloseableHttpClient 对象

通过向其添加上面创建的拦截器来构建自定义CloseableHttpClient对象,如下所示:

//Creating a CloseableHttpClient object
CloseableHttpClient httpclient =
HttpClients.custom().addInterceptorFirst(requestInterceptor).build();

HttpClient请求拦截器的例子

下面的例子演示了HttpClient请求拦截器的用法。在此示例中,我们创建了一个 HTTP GET 请求对象并为其添加了三个标头:sample-header、demoheader 和 test-header。

在拦截器的processor()方法中,我们正在验证发送请求的headers;如果这些标头中的任何一个是sample-header,我们将尝试删除它并显示该特定请求的标头列表。

package com.yiidian;

import org.apache.http.*;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeader;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;

import java.io.IOException;

public class InterceptorsExample {
 
   public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception{
      
      //Creating an HttpRequestInterceptor
      HttpRequestInterceptor requestInterceptor = new HttpRequestInterceptor() {
         @Override
         public void process(HttpRequest request, HttpContext context) throws
                 HttpException, IOException {
            if(request.containsHeader("sample-header")) {
               System.out.println("Contains header sample-header, removing it..");
               request.removeHeaders("sample-header"); 
            }
            //Printing remaining list of headers
            Header[] headers= request.getAllHeaders();
            for (int i = 0; i<headers.length;i++) {
               System.out.println(headers[i].getName());
            }
         }
      };

      //Creating a CloseableHttpClient object
      CloseableHttpClient httpclient =
      HttpClients.custom().addInterceptorFirst(requestInterceptor).build();

      //Creating a request object
      HttpGet httpget1 = new HttpGet("https://www.yiidian.com/");

      //Setting the header to it
      httpget1.setHeader(new BasicHeader("sample-header","My first header"));
      httpget1.setHeader(new BasicHeader("demo-header","My second header"));
      httpget1.setHeader(new BasicHeader("test-header","My third header"));

      //Executing the request
      HttpResponse httpresponse = httpclient.execute(httpget1);

      //Printing the status line
      System.out.println(httpresponse.getStatusLine());
   }
}

输出结果为:

HttpClient 响应拦截器

上述HttpResponseInterceptor接口表示响应拦截器。该接口包含一个称为process() 的方法。在此方法中,您需要编写代码块来拦截响应。

在服务器端,此方法在将响应发送到客户端之前验证/处理响应,而在客户端,此方法在评估响应正文之前执行。

如何创建HttpClient 响应拦截器

您可以按照以下步骤创建响应拦截器

第 1 步 :创建一个 HttpResponseInterceptor 对象

通过实现其抽象方法process 来创建HttpResponseInterceptor接口的对象。

HttpResponseInterceptor responseInterceptor = new HttpResponseInterceptor() {
   @Override
   public void process(HttpResponse response, HttpContext context) throws HttpException, IOException {
      //Method implementation . . . . . . . .
   }
};

第 2 步:实例化 CloseableHttpClient 对象

通过向其添加上面创建的拦截器来构建自定义CloseableHttpClient对象,如下所示

//Creating a CloseableHttpClient object
CloseableHttpClient httpclient =
HttpClients.custom().addInterceptorFirst(responseInterceptor).build();

使用此对象,您可以照常执行请求。

HttpClient 响应拦截器的例子

下面的例子演示了响应拦截器的用法。在此示例中,我们向处理器中的响应添加了三个标头:sample-header、demo-header 和 test-header。

执行请求并获得响应后,我们使用getAllHeaders()方法打印响应的所有标头的名称。

在输出中,您可以观察列表中三个标题的名称。

package com.yiidian;

import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpException;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponseInterceptor;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;

import java.io.IOException;

public class ResponseInterceptorsExample {

   public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception{
      
      //Creating an HttpRequestInterceptor
      HttpResponseInterceptor responseInterceptor = new HttpResponseInterceptor() {
         @Override
         public void process(HttpResponse response, HttpContext context) throws
                 HttpException, IOException {
            System.out.println("Adding header sample_header, demo-header, test_header to the response");
            response.setHeader("sample-header", "My first header");
            response.setHeader("demo-header", "My second header");
            response.setHeader("test-header", "My third header"); 
         }
      };

      //Creating a CloseableHttpClient object
      CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom().addInterceptorFirst(responseInterceptor).build();

      //Creating a request object
      HttpGet httpget1 = new HttpGet("https://www.yiidian.com/");

      //Executing the request
      HttpResponse httpresponse = httpclient.execute(httpget1); 

      //Printing remaining list of headers
      Header[] headers = httpresponse.getAllHeaders();
 
      for (int i = 0; i<headers.length;i++) {
         System.out.println(headers[i].getName());
      }
   }
}

输出结果为:

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