Perl访问MSSQL并迁移到MySQL数据库脚本实例


本文向大家介绍Perl访问MSSQL并迁移到MySQL数据库脚本实例,包括了Perl访问MSSQL并迁移到MySQL数据库脚本实例的使用技巧和注意事项,需要的朋友参考一下

Linux下没有专门为MSSQL设计的访问库,不过介于MSSQL本是从sybase派生出来的,因此用来访问Sybase的库自然也能访问MSSQL,FreeTDS就是这么一个实现。
Perl中通常使用DBI来访问数据库,因此在系统安装了FreeTDS之后,可以使用DBI来通过FreeTDS来访问MSSQL数据库,例子:

using DBI;
my $cs = "DRIVER={FreeTDS};SERVER=主机;PORT=1433;DATABASE=数据库;UID=sa;PWD=密码;TDS_VERSION=7.1;charset=gb2312";
my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:ODBC:$cs") or die $@;

因为本人不怎么用windows,为了研究QQ群数据库,需要将数据从MSSQL中迁移到MySQL中,特地为了QQ群数据库安装了一个Windows Server 2008和SQL Server 2008r2,不过过几天评估就到期了,研究过MySQL的Workbench有从MS SQL Server迁移数据的能力,不过对于QQ群这种巨大数据而且分表分库的数据来说显得太麻烦,因此写了一个通用的perl脚本,用来将数据库从MSSQL到MySQL迁移,结合bash,很方便的将这二十多个库上百张表给转移过去了,Perl代码如下:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use DBI;

die "Usage: qq db\n" if @ARGV != 1; my $db = $ARGV[0];

print "Connectin to databases $db...\n"; my $cs = "DRIVER={FreeTDS};SERVER=MSSQL的服务器;PORT=1433;DATABASE=$db;UID=sa;PWD=MSSQL密码;TDS_VERSION=7.1;charset=gb2312";

sub db_connect {     my $src = DBI->connect("dbi:ODBC:$cs") or die $@;     my $target = DBI->connect("dbi:mysql:host=MySQL服务器", "MySQL用户名", "MySQL密码") or die $@;     return ($src, $target); } my ($src, $target) = db_connect;

print "Reading table schemas....\n";

my $q_tables = $src->prepare("SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype = 'U' AND name != 'dtproperties';");#获取所有表名 my $q_key_usage = $src->prepare("SELECT TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE;");#获取表的主键 $q_tables->execute; my @tables = (); my %keys = (); push @tables, @_ while @_ = $q_tables->fetchrow_array;

$q_tables->finish;

$q_key_usage->execute(); $keys{$_[0]} = $_[1] while @_ = $q_key_usage->fetchrow_array; $q_key_usage->finish;

#获取表的索引信息 my $q_index = $src->prepare(qq(     SELECT T.name, C.name     FROM sys.index_columns I     INNER JOIN sys.tables T ON T.object_id = I.object_id     INNER JOIN sys.columns C ON C.column_id = I.column_id AND I.object_id = C.object_id; )); $q_index->execute; my %table_indices = (); while(my @row = $q_index->fetchrow_array) {     my ($table, $column) = @row;     my $columns = $table_indices{$table};     $columns = $table_indices{$table} = [] if not $columns;     push @$columns, $column; } $q_index->finish;

#在目标MySQL上创建对应的数据库 $target->do("DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS `$db`;") or die "Cannot drop old database $db\n"; $target->do("CREATE DATABASE `$db` DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;") or die "Cannot create database $db\n"; $target->disconnect; $src->disconnect;

my $total_start = time; for my $table(@tables) {     my $pid = fork;     unless($pid)     {         ($src, $target) = db_connect;         my $start = time;         $src->do("USE $db;");         #获取表结构,用来生成MySQL用的DDL         my $q_schema = $src->prepare("SELECT COLUMN_NAME, IS_NULLABLE, DATA_TYPE, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME = ? ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION;");         $target->do("USE `$db`;");         $target->do("SET NAMES utf8;");         my $key_column = $keys{$table};         my $ddl = "CREATE TABLE `$table` ( \n";         $q_schema->execute($table);         my @fields = ();         while(my @row = $q_schema->fetchrow_array)         {             my ($column, $nullable, $datatype, $length) = @row;             my $field = "`$column` $datatype";             $field .= "($length)" if $length;             $field .= " PRIMARY KEY" if $key_column eq $column;             push @fields, $field;         }         $ddl .= join(",\n", @fields);         $ddl .= "\n) ENGINE = MyISAM;\n\n";         $target->do($ddl) or die "Cannot create table $table\n";         #创建索引         my $indices = $table_indices{$table};         if($indices)         {             for(@$indices)             {                 $target->do("CREATE INDEX `$_` ON `$table`(`$_`);\n") or die "Cannot create index on $db.$table$.$_\n";             }         }         #转移数据         my @placeholders = map {'?'} @fields;         my $insert_sql = "INSERT DELAYED INTO $table VALUES(" .(join ', ', @placeholders) . ");\n";         my $insert = $target->prepare($insert_sql);         my $select = $src->prepare("SELECT * FROM $table;");         $select->execute;         $select->{'LongReadLen'} = 1000;         $select->{'LongTruncOk'} = 1;         $target->do("SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0;");         $target->do("START TRANSACTION;");         my $rows = 0;         while(my @row = $select->fetchrow_array)         {             $insert->execute(@row);             $rows++;         }         $target->do("COMMIT;");         #结束,输出任务信息         my $elapsed = time - $start;         print "Child process $$ for table $db.$table done, $rows records, $elapsed seconds.\n";         exit(0);     } } print "Waiting for child processes\n"; #等待所有子进程结束 while (wait() != -1) {} my $total_elapsed = time - $total_start; print "All tasks from $db finished, $total_elapsed seconds.\n";

这个脚本会根据每一个表fork出一个子进程和相应的数据库连接,因此做这种迁移之前得确保目标MySQL数据库配置的最大连接数能承受。
然后在bash下执行

for x in {1..11};do ./qq.pl QunInfo$x; done
for x in {1..11};do ./qq.pl GroupData$x; done

就不用管了,脚本会根据MSSQL这边表结构来在MySQL那边创建一样的结构并配置索引。