在实践中的Java并发中,Brian Goetz
问题内容:
Brian Goetz的Java Concurrency in Practice提供了一个有效的可伸缩缓存供并发使用的示例。这是该类的代码:
public class Memoizer<A, V> implements Computable<A, V> {
private final ConcurrentMap<A, Future<V>> cache
= new ConcurrentHashMap<A, Future<V>>();
private final Computable<A, V> c;
public Memoizer(Computable<A, V> c) { this.c = c; }
public V compute(final A arg) throws InterruptedException {
while (true) {
Future<V> f = cache.get(arg);
if (f == null) {
Callable<V> eval = new Callable<V>() {
public V call() throws InterruptedException {
return c.compute(arg);
}
};
FutureTask<V> ft = new FutureTask<V>(eval);
f = cache.putIfAbsent(arg, ft);
if (f == null) { f = ft; ft.run(); }
}
try {
return f.get();
} catch (CancellationException e) {
cache.remove(arg, f);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw launderThrowable(e.getCause());
}
}
} }
可能是个愚蠢的问题,但有人能告诉我该类的并发用法吗?喜欢在主?
干杯,Agata
问题答案:
这是一个计算阶乘的示例:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//create a memoizer that performs factorials
final Memoizer<Integer, Integer> memo = new Memoizer<Integer, Integer> (new Computable<Integer, Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer compute(Integer a) {
int result = 1 ;
for(int i = 1 ; i < a ; i++){
result = result*i;
}
return result;
}
});
//now call the memoizer
System.out.println(memo.compute(10));
//call it with 10 threads concurrently
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
ExecutorCompletionService<Integer> compService = new ExecutorCompletionService<Integer>(exec);
for(int i = 0 ; i < 15 ; i++){
compService.submit(new Callable<Integer>(){
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
return memo.compute(5);
}
});
}
exec.shutdown();
for(int i = 0 ; i < 15 ; i++){
System.out.println(compService.take().get());
}
}
因此,如果两个线程尝试在完全相同的时间计算相同的阶乘,则由于putIfAbsent
线程安全,因此只有其中一个将实际执行计算。第二个线程将简单地获取第一个线程在地图中放置的future,并等待其完成。