Java构造函数-继承层次结构中的执行顺序
问题内容:
考虑下面的代码
class Meal {
Meal() { System.out.println("Meal()"); }
}
class Bread {
Bread() { System.out.println("Bread()"); }
}
class Cheese {
Cheese() { System.out.println("Cheese()"); }
}
class Lettuce {
Lettuce() { System.out.println("Lettuce()"); }
}
class Lunch extends Meal {
Lunch() { System.out.println("Lunch()"); }
}
class PortableLunch extends Lunch {
PortableLunch() { System.out.println("PortableLunch()");}
}
class Sandwich extends PortableLunch {
private Bread b = new Bread();
private Cheese c = new Cheese();
private Lettuce l = new Lettuce();
public Sandwich() {
System.out.println("Sandwich()");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Sandwich();
}
}
基于我对类成员初始化和构造函数执行顺序的理解。我期望输出是
Bread()
Cheese()
Lettuce()
Meal()
Lunch()
PortableLunch()
Sandwich()
因为我相信类成员甚至在调用main方法之前就已初始化。但是当我运行程序时,我得到以下输出
Meal()
Lunch()
PortableLunch()
Bread()
Cheese()
Lettuce()
Sandwich()
我的困惑是,尽管Meal()Lunch()和PortableLunch()在Bread()Cheese()和Lettuce()之前运行,即使它们的构造函数被调用。
问题答案:
这些是实例字段
private Bread b = new Bread();
private Cheese c = new Cheese();
private Lettuce l = new Lettuce();
它们仅在创建实例时存在(执行)。
在程序中运行的第一件事是
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Sandwich();
}
超级构造函数被隐式地称为每个构造函数中的第一件事。之前System.out.println
class Meal {
Meal() { System.out.println("Meal()"); }
}
class Lunch extends Meal {
Lunch() { System.out.println("Lunch()"); }
}
class PortableLunch extends Lunch {
PortableLunch() { System.out.println("PortableLunch()");}
}
在以后super()
的调用,实例字段在构造函数代码之前再次实例化。
顺序相反
new Sandwich(); // prints last
// the instance fields
super(); // new PortableLunch() prints third
super(); // new Lunch() prints second
super(); // new Meal(); prints first